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Before the colonies united, the French and the British were continually at odds, and the colonies were caught in the middle. The “French and Indian Wars” were five smaller periods of strife in the Northern colonies and Southern Canada. (1) 1688-1698. (2) 1703-1713. (3) 1722-1725. (4) 1744-1749. (5) 1754 – c.1765. This ‘Particular History’ covers the 4th period. The author calls it ‘Particular’ because IT DEALS IN DETAILS, not just in broad generalities. Those seeking detailed analysis of this portion of the French and Indian Wars will find this book a treasure trove. -
The guide documents 4 species of lizards and 13 species of turtles found in Pennsylvania. Each entry details size, geographic range, habitat, habits, breeding, diet, conservation considerations and color photographs. Sponsored by The State Museum of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania Historical & Museum Commission; Wild Resource Conservation Program, Pennsylvania Department of Conservation & Natural Resources; Dickinson College Biology Department; Forgotten Friend Reptile Sanctuary; Friends of Wildwood Lake Nature Center, Inc.; Liberty Environmental, Inc.; Powdermill Nature Reserve; Shippensburg University; and The Center for North American Herpetology. -
This pocket guide includes all 17 species of frogs and toads found in Pennsylvania. These are the creatures you might encounter hopping or leaping along the edges of marshes, roadside ditches, rivers, ponds and lakes of the Keystone State. This guide is ideal for budding and experienced naturalists and for anyone with an interest in nature. Each entry includes size, geographic range, habitat, habits, and color photos -
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This pocket guide covers the 22 kinds of snakes found in Pennsylvania, all illustrated with exquisite color images. Pocket guides are an important way to get people involved with wildlife conservation, because the more people become familiar with a group of animals, the more they have invested in them and their habitat. In this guide, the authors reveal the abundant serpent fauna of the Keystone State, with information on size, description, and habits, as well as maps showing where these serpents are found in Pennsylvania. Contains information on all Pennsylvania serpents and organizes them in the Family Colubridae (Harmless Egg-laying Snakes), Family Dipsadidae (Slender Rear-fanged Snakes), Family Natricidae (Harmless Live-bearing Snakes), Family Xenodontidae (Robust Rear-fanged Snakes), and Family Crotalidae (Pitvipers) -
Salamanders of Pennsylvania makes accessible a wealth of information about the 23 kinds of native salamanders found in Pennsylvania. Color photographs are paired with detailed species accounts, which provide information about body size, appearance, and other identifying characteristics of adults and young; taxonomy and nomenclature; habits; distribution and habitat. State maps show the counties in which each species occurs in Pennsylvania. Salamanders of Pennsylvania is an authoritative reference for amateur naturalists, students, and those interested in this group of animals. -
At a time when surveys reveal that Americans know less and less about our past, Tony Williams provides entertaining and informative descriptions of 50 of the most important and dramatic events from the colonial and Revolutionary period—some known and some forgotten—from the Mayflower Compact to the Annapolis Convention. Published in association with The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, America's Beginnings takes the reader throughout the American colonies and introduces many leading figures, from John Smith and John Winthrop to the Founding Fathers. Along the way, Williams examines the principles that led colonists to come to America and succeeding generations to become a free and independent nation. Read individually or from cover to cover, these stories illuminate the founding principles and heroic struggles that established the country and shaped the American character. -
This is the catalogue for the exhibition, An Image of Peace: The Penn Treaty Collection of Mr. & Mrs. Meyer Potamkin, which exemplifies the significance of Penn’s beliefs. More importantly, the collection & exhibition celebrate the Potamkin’s work over 30 years to preserve & share Penn’s vision of peace with all citizens. Through the generous donation of their collection to The State Museum of PA, their legacy, along with that of William Penn, will be preserved for future generations. Includes: Thoughts on an Image of Peace, by Vivian O. Potamkin; Images of the Lenape Indians in PA; Images of William Penn: An Evolving Portrait of Pennsylvania’s Founding Father; An Image of Peace: Penn’s Treaty with the Indians; Collectors of an Image of Peace. Illus. -
Examining interactions between native Americans and whites in eighteenth-century Pennsylvania, Jane Merritt traces the emergence of race as the defining difference between these neighbors on the frontier. Before 1755, Indian and white communities in Pennsylvania shared a certain amount of interdependence. They traded skills and resources and found a common enemy in the colonial authorities, including the powerful Six Nations, who attempted to control them and the land they inhabited. Using innovative research in German Moravian records, among other sources, Merritt explores the cultural practices, social needs, gender dynamics, economic exigencies, and political forces that brought native Americans and Euramericans together in the first half of the eighteenth century. But as Merritt demonstrates, the tolerance and even cooperation that once marked relations between Indians and whites collapsed during the Seven Years' War. By the 1760s, as the white population increased, a stronger, nationalist identity emerged among both white and Indian populations, each calling for new territorial and political boundaries to separate their communities. Differences between Indians and whites--whether political, economic, social, religious, or ethnic--became increasingly characterized in racial terms, and the resulting animosity left an enduring legacy in Pennsylvania's colonial history. -
On 13 September 1759, British and French forces fought one of the most decisive battles in history, on the Plains of Abraham outside the Canadian capital, Quebec. The British force decisively routed the French, seizing the city and, ultimately, all of Canada. But the struggle for Quebec was far more than one climactic battle: the campaign involved an immense military and naval operation, an eighteenth-century D-Day. Matthew Ward has researched extensively in archives in Britain and Canada to look at the entire campaign for Quebec, from its inception in Whitehall to its ultimate culmination in Montreal in 1760. He has probed beyond the actions of commanders and generals, to examine the experiences of the campaign for the ordinary soldier and civilian. What emerges is not just a picture of bravery and heroism, but also of a campaign which became increasingly brutal and cruel, both sides resorting to practices such as the routine scalping of enemy dead. It is also a surprising picture of the day-to-day, often mundane, lives of civilians and troops many thousands of miles from home. -
The Most Decisive Victory in All History Gained by the White Man Over the American Indian. Written in 1928.
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For centuries the Western view of the Iroquois was clouded by the myth that they were the supermen of the frontier—"the Romans of this Western World," as De Witt Clinton called them in 1811. Only in recent years have scholars come to realize the extent to which Europeans had exaggerated the power of the Iroquois. First published in 1987, Beyond the Covenant Chain was one of the first studies to acknowledge fully that the Iroquois never had an empire. It remains the best study of diplomatic and military relations among Native American groups in seventeenth- and eighteenth-century North America. -
After the French and Indian War, the British claimed control of the Forks of the Ohio. The Indians of the area felt threatened by hard-fisted British control and began seizing forts in the Ohio Valley. This guidebook focuses on the turning point of the resulting Pontiac's War, the Battle of Bushy Run, fought near Jeanette, Pennsylvania, in August 1763, between several Indian nations and three British regiments led by Col. Henry Bouquet.
